Collaborative Governance in Community-Based Mangrove Ecotourism: A Longitudinal Case Study of Banua Pangka, Luwu Timur (2015-2025)
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Abstract
This study explores the governance dynamics of a mangrove ecotourism destination developed through grassroots initiatives in Banua Pangka, Luwu Timur, Indonesia. The main research questions guiding this study are: How do governance transitions in community-based ecotourism affect local participation? What role does symbolic exclusion play in the marginalization of grassroots actors? The destination, originally established by a local youth group, evolved into a popular site due to community-driven environmental efforts and viral social media promotion. As local government and village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) later took over its management, governance transitioned from a participatory model to a more bureaucratic structure, marginalizing the initiating community. Using an exploratory qualitative case study approach, this research draws on interviews, observations, and document analysis to examine the mechanisms of symbolic and procedural exclusion and the community’s adaptive responses. The findings reveal that exclusion is not solely a result of institutional policy but is deeply embedded in symbolic actions that delegitimize grassroots actors. Nevertheless, the community demonstrates resilience by establishing alternative tourism services and informal networks. This study contributes to the literature on Community-Based Tourism (CBT) by highlighting the tensions between institutionalization and grassroots ownership, and provides practical implications for designing inclusive governance models in sustainable tourism.
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