Coastal Communities’ Experiences and Perceptions of Mangrove Ecosystems

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems play a vital role in coastal protection, biodiversity conservation, and local livelihoods. However, existing research has largely focused on the ecological and economic aspects, leaving a gap in understanding the subjective experiences of local communities who interact with these environments. Despite recognition of their importance, little is known about how these communities perceive and engage with mangroves on a personal and cultural level. This study applies a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of coastal communities in relation to mangrove ecosystems, aiming to fill this gap. Through in-depth interviews with 12 participants, this research identifies key themes related to the cultural, emotional, and ecological significance of mangroves. The findings reveal three central dimensions: (1) mangroves as a source of existential security, providing daily subsistence and protection from coastal hazards; (2) mangroves as a cultural landscape embedded in local rituals, intergenerational knowledge, and identity formation; and (3) mangroves as a space of social solidarity that strengthens collective responsibility for environmental stewardship. Participants described mangroves as essential not only for their survival but also as integral to their cultural identity and social cohesion. Importantly, participants emphasized that conservation efforts are more likely to succeed when they recognize local customary rules, incorporate community narratives, and actively involve residents in decision-making processes. The study concludes that a deeper understanding of local experiences and values is crucial for developing effective and culturally sensitive conservation strategies. Practically, these findings suggest that mangrove conservation policies should move beyond purely technical restoration programs toward participatory, culturally grounded strategies—such as integrating traditional ecological knowledge into management plans, strengthening community-based monitoring systems, and designing conservation education that reflects local meanings and values. These findings contribute to the broader field of environmental phenomenology, offering valuable insights into the human-environment relationship and demonstrating that embedding lived experience into policy design can enhance the sustainability and long-term effectiveness of mangrove conservation initiatives.