Exploration of Patients’ Lived Experiences during Chemotherapy within Clinical Pharmacological Care

Main Article Content

Vely Mandoni
Junaidi Khotib

Abstract

Pharmaceutical science has increasingly recognized the importance of understanding patients’ lived experiences as an essential component of therapeutic success. Within this field, chemotherapy represents a complex intersection of pharmacological efficacy, emotional endurance, and existential meaning, yet its subjective dimensions remain underexplored. Despite advances in clinical outcomes research, little is known about how patients experience, interpret, and give meaning to their encounters with pharmacological treatment in real-life contexts. This study addresses that gap by applying a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of cancer patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy and to uncover the essence of their therapeutic journey. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve participants and analyzed thematically to capture the experiential and relational meanings of pharmacological care. The findings revealed five essential themes: the embodiment of suffering and endurance, trust and uncertainty in pharmacological care, negotiation between herbal and conventional therapies, reconstruction of identity through illness, and the transformative role of empathy in clinical encounters. These results demonstrate that healing extends beyond biomedical efficacy to encompass emotional, relational, and spiritual transformation shaped by empathy and patient agency. The study contributes to qualitative pharmaceutical research by offering a deeper understanding of how pharmacological treatment is lived, not merely administered. However, this study acknowledges methodological limitations, including its small, context-specific sample and reliance on self-reported narratives, which may limit transferability. These insights have significant implications for developing empathy-driven, patient-centered pharmaceutical care models and for guiding future research integrating phenomenological methods in pharmacological sciences.

Article Details

Section

Articles

References

Alzahrani, M. J., Dranitsaris, G., Sienkiewicz, M., Vandermeer, L., & Clemons, M. (2021). Clinical utility of a prediction tool to differentiate between breast cancer patients at high or low risk of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Supportive Care in Cancer, 29(12), 7837–7843. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06358-8

Belluomini, L., Calvetti, L., Inno, A., Pasello, G., Roca, E., Vattemi, E., Veccia, A., Menis, J., & Pilotto, S. (2022). SCLC Treatment in the Immuno-Oncology Era: Current Evidence and Unmet Needs. Frontiers in Oncology, 12. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.840783

Cao, A., Guan, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., Liu, S., Xuan, Q., Qiu, K., Zhang, Y., Xu, L., & Fang, J. (2025). Dose adjustment strategy for high-dose methotrexate-induced toxicities in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Based on population PK analysis and exposure-toxicity relationship. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 95(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-025-04750-3

Carreiras, H., & Castro, C. (2012). Qualitative methods in military studies: Research experiences and challenges (p. 194). Taylor and Francis; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203099223

Cunningham, M. R., Rattray, N. J. W., McFadden, Y., Berardi, D., Daramy, K., Kelly, P. E., Galbraith, A., Lochiel, I., Mills, L., & Scott, Y. (2024). Recounting the untold stories of breast cancer patient experiences: Lessons learned from a patient-public involvement and engagement storytelling event. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 32(6), 515–523. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riae052

Daly, K. J. (2007). Qualitative methods for family studies & human development (p. 293). SAGE Publications Inc.; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452224800

Fife, W. (2020). Counting as a Qualitative Method: Grappling with the Reliability Issue in Ethnographic Research (p. 140). Springer International Publishing; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34803-8

Gallagher, M., Chin, K. Y., & MacKenzie-Ross, A. (2020). Bleomycin electrochemotherapy for the management of locally advanced metastatic melanoma: Two notable clinical cases potentially indicating a greater therapeutic role in the era of targeted and immuno-therapy. JPRAS Open, 26, 43–48. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpra.2020.09.007

Gezelius, E., Planck, M., Hazem, B., Nagpal, S., & Wakelee, H. (2025). Intrathecal pemetrexed for leptomeningeal metastases in a patient with ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma: A case report. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 95(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-024-04735-8

Guaraldi, G., Milic, J., Marcotullio, S., & Mussini, C. (2020). A patient-centred approach to deprescribing antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 75(12), 3425–3432. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa329

Hillman, W., & Radel, K. (2018). Qualitative methods in tourism research: Theory and practice (p. 294). Channel View Publications; Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050434848&partnerID=40&md5=7ea1e3f0b2027993b53f6a795804ee51

Iosifides, T. (2016). Qualitative Methods in Migration Studies: A Critical Realist Perspective (p. 266). Taylor and Francis; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315603124

Karlíková, B., Uhrecký, B., & Gurňáková, J. (2025). A Qualitative Longitudinal Study on the Adaptation and Coping Strategies of Men with Testicular Cancer. Human Affairs, 35(3), 359–386. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2024-0103

Kawamura, Y. (2020). DOING RESEARCH IN FASHION AND DRESS: An Introduction to Qualitative Methods, 2nd edition (p. 166). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.; Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188589040&partnerID=40&md5=b3db406659cd1ea5b20e05664bec39a3

Li, M., Bao, Q., Guo, J., Xie, R., Yuan, M., Liu, J., Wu, J., Chen, K., Wu, H., & Geng, Y. (2025). Disaggregation of luminal alimentary tract tumors by E-cad disruption: A report of six cases. Cancer Nanotechnology, 16(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-025-00338-x

Li, X., Wu, L., Zhang, M., Yao, L., Zhou, N., Li, Y., Song, X., Zhou, H., Song, A., & Zhou, J. (2025). A Qualitative Study on the Supportive Care Needs Preferences of Older Colorectal Cancer Patients: Insights from Patient Experiences. Patient Preference and Adherence, 19, 1147–1158. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S511937

Liguori, C., Magi, S., Mandolesi, A., Agostini, A., Svegliati-Baroni, G., Benedetti Cacciaguerra, A., Parisi, A., Tiberi, E., Vivarelli, M., & Giovagnoni, A. (2025). Adjuvant treatment with Capecitabine in patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation with incidental diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Implications on DPYD polymorphisms assessment: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 95(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-025-04756-x

Liu, W., Xiao, C., Luo, J., Liu, M., Sun, B., & Luo, Z. (2024). Unveiling the role of FTO polymorphisms in predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective study. International Immunopharmacology, 133. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112142

Longhofer, J., Floersch, J., & Hoy, J. (2012). Qualitative Methods for Practice Research (p. 224). Oxford University Press; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398472.001.0001

Lutz, W., & Knox, S. (2014). Quantitative and qualitative methods in psychotherapy research (p. 448). Taylor and Francis; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203386071

Matsui, M., Yasu, T., Makimoto, A., & Yuza, Y. (2025). Pharmacokinetic analysis of crushed venetoclax tablets combined with azacitizine for recurrent pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 95(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-024-04730-z

McNabb, D. E. (2015). Research methods for political science: Quantitative and qualitative methods: Second edition (p. 426). Taylor and Francis; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315701141

Migdal, A. B. (2018). Qualitative Methods in Quantum Theory (p. 460). CRC Press; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429497940

Miglani, S., Daljit, T., Srivastava, A., & Rathi, A. K. (2025). Acute cutaneous adverse effects of methotrexate: A case report highlighting therapeutic challenges. Toxicology Reports, 15. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102108

Mukhlis, L. (2025a). A Phenomenological Study of Personal Spiritual Experiences in Navigating Religious Pluralism within Interfaith Communities. Irfana: Journal of Religious Studies, 1(6), 212–220.

Mukhlis, L. (2025b). Spiritual Grounds for Economic Growth: A Qualitative Exploration of Rural Indonesian Women’s Transformative Journeys Through Mosque-Led Empowerment Programs. Servina: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(8), 289–298.

Mukhlis, L., & Abdullah, M. N. (2025). Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia (1st ed.). Mukhlisina Revolution Center.

Mukhlis, L., Arifin, T., Ridwan, A. H., & Zulbaidah. (2024). Integrating Artificial Intelligenceand Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah: Revolutionizing Indonesia’s Sharia Online Trading System. Computer Fraud and Security, 2024(11), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.52710/cfs.238

Mukhlis, L., Arifin, T., Ridwan, A. H., & Zulbaidah. (2025). Reorientation of Sharia Stock Regulations: Integrating Taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl and Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah for Justice and Sustainability. Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(10s), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i10s.1341

Mukhlis, L., Arifin, T., Ridwan, A. H., Zulbaidah, Rosadi, A., & Solehudin, E. (2025). Reformulation of Islamic Stock Law: The Application of Taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl and Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ahto Develop a Dynamic and Sustainable Islamic Capital Market in Indonesia. Journal of Posthumanism, 5(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i3.913

Mukhlis, L., Janwari, Y., & Syafe`i, R. (2023). INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE: THEORETICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF MUDHARABAH AND MUSYARAKAH CONTRACTS. Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 9(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.24952/yurisprudentia.v9i2.8466

Mukhlis, L., Maryam, S., & Sormin, S. A. (2023). Model Pembelajaran Living History Berbasis PjBL Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Histografi Mahasiswa. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 9(4), 1800–1809. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i4.5595

Mukhlis, L., & Saidah, Y. (2025). Dynamics of Nature-Based learning in Developing Children’s Motoricic Skills: Teacher and Parent Perspectives. HUMANISMA: Journal of Gender Studies, 9(1), 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v4i2.9366

Mukhlis, L., Suradi, Janwari, Y., & Syafe`i, R. (2023). Sosialisasi Saham Syariah sebagai Instrumen Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Badan Kontak Majelis Taklim (BKMT) Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin, 3(2), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.51214/japamul.v3i2.604

Nurhidayah. (2025). Living Through Targeted Therapy: Exploring Cancer Patients’ Experiences of Suffering, Meaning, and Clinical Communication. PhytoCare: Journal of Pharmacology and Natural Remedies, 1(6), 228–235. https://journals.ai-mrc.com/phytocare/article/view/459

Pagnot, L., Granger, I., Guitton, J., Favier, B., Ceraulo, A., Conter, C., Leblond, P., & Philippe, M. (2025). Real-world pharmacokinetics of trametinib in pediatric low-grade glioma. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 95(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-025-04761-0

Staropoli, N., Scionti, F., Farenza, V., Falcone, F., Luciano, F., Renne, M., Di Martino, M. T., Ciliberto, D., Tedesco, L., & Crispino, A. (2024). Identification of ADME genes polymorphic variants linked to trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients: Case series of mono-institutional experience. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 174. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116478

van de Graaf, D. L., Mols, F., Smeets, T., Trompetter, H. R., & van der Lee, M. L. (2025). Coping with and self-management of chronic painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A qualitative study among cancer survivors. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 19(1), 295–305. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-023-01466-2

Wilson, M., Thavorn, K., Hawrysh, T., Graham, I. D., Atkins, H., Kekre, N., Coyle, D., Lalu, M. M., Fergusson, D. A., & Chan, K. K. W. (2022). Engaging Patients and Caregivers in an Early Health Economic Evaluation: Discerning Treatment Value Based on Lived Experience. PharmacoEconomics, 40(11), 1119–1130. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-022-01180-4

Zhou, M., Zhao, X., Zhang, M., Peijing, M., Quncuo, C., Zhuoga, P., Qiongda, B., ChuTso, M., Cuo, B. M., & Zhao, B. (2025). Impact of altitude on hemoglobin dynamics and prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving antiangiogenic TKIs: A propensity score matched study. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 95(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-025-04786-5