Curcuminoid Nanostabilization in a Polyherbal Formulation: Surface Chemistry, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Characterization
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Abstract
This study proposes a curcuminoid-loaded silica nanoparticle system incorporated into a polyherbal aqueous-acidic extract matrix to improve the solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability of curcuminoids. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded with curcuminoids, followed by surface functionalization through the spontaneous adsorption of polysaccharides and proteins from the polyherbal matrix, forming a protective coating. Adsorption behavior was evaluated experimentally and supported by computational modeling to optimize coating stability. The functionalized nanoparticles were subsequently assessed through controlled release studies in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and phytochemical characterization. Results demonstrated a pH-responsive release profile, with sustained release under gastric conditions and enhanced release in intestinal media. Antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH assay showed substantially improved activity, with an IC50 of approximately 12.5 µg/mL compared to 45 µg/mL for free curcuminoids. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry confirmed successful curcuminoid incorporation and retention. These findings indicate that the proposed surface-engineered silica nanoparticle platform provides an effective and scalable strategy for enhancing the stability and bioactivity of curcuminoids in complex polyherbal formulations, offering potential benefits for improved pharmacological performance.
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