A Literature Review Comparing Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Methods for Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Isolation
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Abstract
The isolation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is essential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Two primary approaches, enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods, are widely used to obtain ADSCs from adipose tissue.
Objective: This review aimed to compare the efficiency, viability, purity, regulatory compliance, and clinical applicability of both methods.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2018 and 2024.
Results: The findings indicated that the enzymatic method yielded a higher number of ADSCs with viability exceeding 90% and greater cell purity. However, the use of collagenase and other proteolytic enzymes posed risks of xenogenic contamination and required strict regulatory approval, as it was classified as "more than minimal manipulation" by the FDA. Conversely, the non-enzymatic method, including mechanical dissociation and explant techniques, was categorized as "minimal manipulation", making it more suitable for clinical applications due to fewer regulatory constraints. Despite its advantages in cost and safety, this method produced lower cell yields and required longer processing times.
Conclusion: The enzymatic method remained the gold standard for ADSC isolation due to its high efficiency and purity. However, optimizing non-enzymatic techniques is necessary to enhance their efficiency and broaden their application in stem cell-based therapies.
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References
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