The Role of miRNA in Breast Cancer Diagnostics: Advancing Precision Medicine Through Non-Invasive Biomarker Discovery
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Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of small non-coding RNA that is involved in cellular gen Regulatory functions. Their resistance to variability in bodily fluids and tissues, tissue and disease-specific expression, and link to key cellular events make them potentia targets of interest for establishing new biomarkers for cancer and other diseases i personalized medicine approaches However, despite these advantages, a major researc gap persists: current diagnostic frameworks still lack reliable molecular biomarkers tha can detect cancer at its earliest stages with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Existin techniques of diagnosis are unable to diagnose early-stage cancers or are unable t consider molecular variation; therefore, new strategies like miRNA profiling ar required. This paper aims at reviewing the relationship between miRNAs and cance with emphasis on their application in diagnostics and precision medicine. The presen work is based on the systematic review of peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and clinica trials available in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The selection of the articles wa performed according to the articles‟ relevance to the general miRNA properties diagnostics, and therapy. The most important ideas were generalized to give an idea o the role of miRNA in cancer treatment. The presented data reveal that miRNAs hav become revolutionary in the field of oncology. They are stable, specific and can b accessed through non invasive procedures, thus making them ideal diagnostic marker and therapeutic targets. Some challenges are still there, such as standardization, an ethical issues, yet AI and delivery mechanisms offer real solutions. Therefore implementation of the miRNA profile information in clinical setting can be a possibilit of early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and better prognosis, and hence miRNA plays a crucial role for the future of precision cancer medicine.
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