Sharia Governance and Personal Data Protection in Islamic Fintech: A Comparative Analysis of Sadd al-Dhari'ah in Indonesia and Malaysia
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Abstract
This study explores how the Islamic legal principle of Sadd al-Dhari’ah (blocking the means to harm) can be applied within the regulatory frameworks for personal data protection and sharia governance in the Islamic fintech sectors of Indonesia and Malaysia. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach combining document analysis and semi-structured interviews, the study finds that Malaysia exhibits a more integrated and preventive regulatory system, embedding Sadd al-Dhari’ah in both fintech and data protection laws. In contrast, Indonesia’s regulatory landscape, despite the introduction of the new Personal Data Protection Law (2022), faces challenges due to fragmentation and a lack of full integration of sharia principles in its digital policies. The key findings suggest that Malaysia’s approach offers a more comprehensive and cohesive model for integrating sharia governance and data protection, while Indonesia could benefit from a more unified and sharia-compliant regulatory framework. This research suggests greater synergy between classical fiqh and contemporary digital regulation as an ethical foundation for Islamic digital governance.
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