The Impact of Global Trade Policies on Economic Inequality in Developing Countries: A Subjective Perspective of Economic Actors

Abstract

Understanding the subjective experiences of individuals within multicultural communities is crucial for fostering social cohesion and cultural preservation. In the context of Indonesia’s diverse population, religious and cultural identities play significant roles in shaping experiences of integration and coexistence. However, there remains a gap in exploring the lived experiences of these communities from a phenomenological perspective, especially in relation to the role of religious moderation in maintaining cultural harmony. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the experiences of individuals in Mandailing Natal regarding religious moderation and its impact on cultural and linguistic diversity. We employ a phenomenological approach, using in-depth interviews with community members, religious leaders, and local authorities to uncover the meanings they attach to religious and cultural interactions. The findings reveal that religious moderation plays a central role in mitigating tensions and fostering mutual respect among diverse ethnic groups, with participants expressing a strong connection to their cultural and religious identities. These results highlight the importance of adopting a deeper, more nuanced understanding of cultural and religious dynamics in multicultural settings, offering valuable insights for future research on community-based social policies and educational programs.