A Doctrinal-Analytical Study on the Objectives of Sharia and Their Role in Managing Epidemics: A Case Study of the Coronavirus Pandemic
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Abstract
Throughout history, humanity has endured numerous epidemics that claimed countless lives. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, proved to be one of the most devastating global health crises in the modern era. Spreading rapidly across countries, the virus disrupted all aspects of life economically, socially, politically, and spiritually leaving governments and health systems overwhelmed.
In Islamic jurisprudence, Sharia objectives (Maqasid al-Sharia) play a central role in preserving human life. The pandemic underscored the importance of applying these objectives, particularly the five essential ones protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth. This study employs a doctrinal-analytical method by examining classical and contemporary Islamic legal texts, fatwas, and relevant academic literature to explore how Islamic legal maxims and the Sharia's preventive and protective dimensions guided individuals and communities in managing the pandemic responsibly.
Focusing on primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and authoritative works of Islamic jurists, the study analyzes how public health measures align with Maqasid al-Sharia.
By prioritizing public health, social responsibility, and individual safety, Sharia offers a comprehensive ethical and legal framework for confronting modern epidemics.
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