EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ON PUBLIC TRUST AND REPUTATION IN ISLAMIC BANKS: A STUDY OF COMMUNITY PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines CSR's impact on public trust and reputation in Islamic banks. CSR is essential for Islamic banks to uphold the principles of social justice, transparency, and public welfare as mandated by Islamic law. The research investigates how the quality and sustainability of CSR initiatives influence customer trust, customer satisfaction, and loyalty, which in turn enhance bank reputation. A mixed-method approach was adopted, involving a quantitative survey of 350 customers from five major Islamic banks, and qualitative semi-structured interviews with 15 stakeholders including bank managers and CSR officers. Quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative responses. The results indicate that high-quality, sustainable CSR programs significantly strengthen public trust and improve the reputation of Islamic banks. CSR is found to be not only a strategic tool for social responsibility but also a source of competitive advantage in the banking industry. The study also explores the moderating roles of customer experience and CSR literacy in the relationship between trust and CSR. These findings suggest that well-executed CSR strategies enhance customer loyalty—an essential factor for sustainable performance in Islamic banking. The study concludes with actionable insights for Islamic banks to refine their CSR programs, ensure alignment with Islamic ethical standards, and foster customer awareness to maximize social and reputational outcomes.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Afridi, F. E. A., Afridi, S. A., Zahid, R. M. A., Khan, W., & Anwar, W. (2023). Embracing green banking as a mean of expressing green behavior in a developing economy: exploring the mediating role of green culture. In Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Vol. 31, Issue 34, p. 46137).Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023- 25449-z
Ahmad, M. J., Jawaid, A., Arshad, M. Z., & Paracha, S. H. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Loyalty: Exploring the Role of Satisfaction and Corporate Image in the Banking Industry. In Market Forces (Vol. 16, Issue 1, p. 18). Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology. https://doi.org/10.51153/mf.v16i1.480.
Ahmad, M. J., Jawaid, A., Arshad, M. Z., & Paracha, S. H. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Loyalty: Exploring the Role of Satisfaction and Corporate Image in the Banking Industry. In Market Forces (Vol. 16, Issue 1, p. 18). Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology. https://doi.org/10.51153/mf.v16i1.480
Ajslev, J. Z. N., Møller, J. L., Andersen, M. F., Pirzadeh, P., & Lingard, H. (2022). The Hierarchy of Controls as an Approach to Visualize the Impact of Occupational Safety and Health Coordination. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 19, Issue 5, p. 2731). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052731
Akal, A. T. U., Gaffar, S., Masmarulan, R., Basir, M., & Mashuddin, N. (2023). Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value Trough Financial Performance. In ATESTASI Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi (Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 83). https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v6i1.605
Albuquerque, R., & Cabral, L. (2024). Strategic Corporate Purpose. In Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12619
Alshehri, T. H. (2023). Evaluating the Efficiency and Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Case Study of the GCC Region. In Global Journal of Economic and Business (Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 152). Research, Enlightment, Findings Accelerated Applications Development ( REFAAD). https://doi.org/10.31559/gjeb2023.13.2.4.
Alshehri, T. H. (2023). Evaluating the Efficiency and Profitability of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Case Study of the GCC Region. In Global Journal of Economic and Business (Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 152). Research, Enlightment, Findings Accelerated Applications Development ( REFAAD). https://doi.org/10.31559/gjeb2023.13.2.4.
Anim, R. O., Amaning, N., Quartey, J. A., & Frimpong, P. T. (2021). Exploring the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Financial Performance of Rural and Community Banks in Ghana. In International Business Research (Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 37). Canadian Center of Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n2p37.
Aula, R., Sumiyati, S., & Umar, M. (2022). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on the Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. In Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis (Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 93). https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.v13i1.12832
Bao, W.-W., Zhao, Y., Dadvand, P., Jiang, N., Chen, G., Yang, B., Huang, W., Xiao, X., Liang, J., Chen, Y., Huang, S., Pu, X., Huang, S., Lin, H., Guo, Y., Dong, G., & Chen, Y. (2024). Urban greenspace and visual acuity in schoolchildren: a large prospective cohort study in China. In Environment I nternational (Vol. 184, p. 108423). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108423
Bruce, E., & Priscilla, O.-A. (2022). A Review of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Relationship with Customer Satisfaction and Corporate Image [Review of A Review of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Relationship with Customer Satisfaction and Corporate Image]. Open Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 715. Scientific Research Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2022.102040
Bu, X., & Chen, L. (2023). From efficiency to legitimacy: the changing logic of internal CSR in emerging multinationals during internationalization. In Asian Business & Management (Vol. 22, Issue 4, p. 1418). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-022- 00213-2
Cheumar, M., Haji-Othman, Y., Nayan, M. A., Yusuff, M. S. S., Abbas, S. I., Abdullah, N., Melina, F., Zulfa, M., Ayuningtyas, R. D., & Yunita, P. (2023). Decoding Success: Investigating the Key Elements that Led to an Islamic Cooperative’s Prosperity as a Microfinance Institution. In International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (Vol. 13, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i8/18158
Fahmida, L. (2025). Economic Implications of Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Banks in Bangladesh. In arXiv (Cornell University). Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.15594
Farahdel, S., Wang, C., & Awasthi, A. (2024). Literature Review of Current Sustainability Assessment Frameworks and Approaches for Organizations. In arXiv (Cornell University). Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.
Financial & Banking Services In The UAE. (2025). https://www.adib.ae/en/pages/home.aspx
Gultom, S. A., & Siregar, S. (2022). Penilaian Kesehatan Bank Syariah di Indonesia dengan Metode RGEC. In JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI ISLAM (Vol. 8, Issue 1, p. 315). https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4593
Handayani, P. W., Azzizah, S. F., & Annisa, A. (2022). The impact of user emotions on intentions to continue using online food delivery applications: the influence of application quality attributes. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 9, Issue 1). Cogent OA. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2133797.
Hussein, A. S. (2023). Effect of Experience Quality on Ethnic Restaurant Customer Loyalty: Mediating Role of Restaurant Image. In International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pasific (Vol. 6, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v6i1.2150.
Hariyanto, H., & Nafi’ah, B. (2022). Analysis of Factors Affecting on Saving Intention in Islamic Bank: The Case in Indonesia. In JURNAL ILMIAH EKONOMI ISLAM (Vol. 8, Issue 1, p. 28). https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4308.
Harun, M. S., Aziz, M. R. Ab., Noor, M. N. M., & . S. N. M. R. (2019). The Determinants of CSR Disclosure: A Study of Malaysian Islamic Banks. In International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (Vol. 9, Issue 5). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i5/5886.
Hasan, I., Farida, L., & Kholilah, K. (2021). The role of Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility in building corporate image to increase customer loyalty. In Jurnal Ekonomi MODERNISASI (Vol. 17, Issue 2, p. 83). Kanjuruhan University. https://doi.org/10.21067/jem.v17i2.5334
Hastuti, E. W., Santoso, P. H., Wibowo, M. A., & Amala, C. F. D. (2022). SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BASED ON ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING INDEX. In Ekonomi Islam (Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.22236/jei.v13i1.7949
Hastuti, E. W., Santoso, P. H., Wibowo, M. A., & Amala, C. F. D. (2022). SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA BASED ON ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING INDEX. In Ekonomi Islam (Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.22236/jei.v13i1.794Islamic banking. (2024). https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Islamic%20banking
HS, S. (2021). Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in Islamic Banking in Indonesia. In Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210615.098
Hussein, A. S. (2023). Effect of Experience Quality on Ethnic Restaurant Customer Loyalty: Mediating Role of Restaurant Image. In International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pasific (Vol. 6, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.32535/ijthap.v6i1.2150
Irawan, P., Irawan, P., Putri, D., & Sari, M. E. (2023). Peranan Perusahaan PT DNS (CSR) Dalam Memajukan Syiar Agama Islam Di Desa Terusan Kecamatan Karang Jaya. In Al-Idaroh Media Pemikiran Manajemen Dakwah (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.53888/alidaroh.v3i1.559.
Jahan, F., & Kim, J. (2023). Does the Shield Effect of CSR Work in Crises? Evidence in Korea. In Sustainability (Vol. 15, Issue 11, p. 8940). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118940.
Jitmaneeroj, B. (2023). Prioritizing CSR components for value enhancement: Evidence from the financial industry in developed and emerging markets. In Heliyon (Vol. 9, Issue 5). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16044
Kawal, P. (2023). An Analytical Review of Recent CSR Practices and their Role in Social Upliftment in India (Vol. 55, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.48047/pne.2018.55.1.45
Khairinal, K., Syuhadah, S., & Fitriani, F. (2022). PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN, DAN JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA SISWA SMKN 1 KOTA JAMBI. In JURNAL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN ILMU SOSIAL (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 163). https://doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v3i1.863
Khan, A., Wahab, S. A., & Latiff, A. S. A. (2023). The Impact of Antecedents of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Social Responsibility Performance: A Perspective of Pakistan’s Banks. In International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (Vol. 13, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i2/16224.
Khan, I. U., Hameed, Z., Khan, S. U., & Khan, M. (2023). Green banking practices, bank reputation, and environmental awareness: evidence from Islamic banks in a developing economy. In Environment Development and Sustainability (Vol. 26, Issue 6, p. 16073). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03288-9.
Khan, T. N. (2021). ESTABLISHING CONSUMER TRUST IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ISLAMIC BANKS. In International Journal of Management Studies (Vol. 28). https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms2021.28.2.1
Khansa, F. N., & Violita, E. S. (2021). The association between islamic bank perfomance and islamic social responsibility in supporting SDGs: the different between Indonesia and Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 716, Issue 1, p. 12062). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012062.
Khương, M. N., Nguyen, A. K. T., & Nguyen, T. T. (2021). Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy to Enhance Firm Reputation and Competitive Advantage. In Journal of Competitiveness (Vol. 13, Issue 4, p. 96). Tomas Bata University in Zlín. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.04.06.
KESAVAN, V. (2023). An OVERVIEW OF CSR ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY HDFC BANK. https://www.slideshare.net/varunkesavan/an-overview-of-csr-activities-performed-by-hdfc- bank.
Khan, A., Wahab, S. A., & Latiff, A. S. A. (2023). The Impact of Antecedents of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Social Responsibility Performance: A Perspective of Pakistan’s Banks. In International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (Vol. 13, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i2/16224.
Kumar, V. (2024). Valuing Customer Engagement. In Palgrave executive essentials. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43296-5.
Lestari, H. D., & Pertiwi, I. F. P. (2021). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Relationship Marketing and Shariah Compliance on Customer Loyalty with Customer Emotional Response As Intervening. In Social Science Studies (Vol. 2, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.47153/sss12.2142021.
Lestari, H. D., & Pertiwi, I. F. P. (2021). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Relationship Marketing and Shariah Compliance on Customer Loyalty with Customer Emotional Response As Intervening. In Social Science Studies (Vol. 2, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.47153/sss12.2142021.
Lestari, H. D., & Pertiwi, I. F. P. (2021). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Relationship Marketing and Shariah Compliance on Customer Loyalty with Customer Emotional Response As Intervening. In Social Science Studies(Vol.2, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.47153/sss12.2142021.
Lestari, H. D., & Pertiwi, I. F. P. (2021). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Relationship Marketing and Shariah Compliance on Customer Loyalty with Customer Emotional Response As Intervening. In Social Science Studies (Vol. 2, Issue 1, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.47153/sss12.2142021.
Li, Z., Sial, M. S., Wu, H., Căpuşneanu, S., & Barbu, C. M. (2023). The Role of CSR Information on Social Media to Promote the Communicative Behavior of Customers: An Emotional Framework Enriching Behavioral Sciences Literature. In Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 126). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020126.
Ma, C., Chishti, M. F., Durrani, M. K., Bashir, R., Safdar, S., & Hussain, R. T. (2023). The Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Impact on Financial Performance: A Case of Developing Countries. In Sustainability (Vol. 15, Issue 4, p. 3724). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043724.
Munday, M., & Humbani, M. (2024). Determining the drivers of continued mobile food delivery app (MFDA) usage during a pandemic period. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 11, Issue 1).
Maufur, M., Basit, A., Ihsan, A., & Hasbi, M. Z. N. (2022). KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA. In JEMBA Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Manajemen dan bisnis Akuntansi (Vol. 2, Issue 1, p.53). https://doi.org/10.52300/jemba.v2i1.2920
Maulud, F., & Falatehan, S. F. (2022). HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN MASYARAKAT. In Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] (Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 15). https://doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.v6i1.957.
Mónaco, S. (2024). SDG 9. Build Resilient Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization, and Foster Innovation. In Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks (p. 87). https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83797-549-520241010.
Muflih, M. (2021). The link between corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty: Empirical evidence from the Islamic banking industry. In Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services (Vol. 61, p. 102558). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102558.
Muflih, M. (2021). The link between corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty: Empirical evidence from the Islamic banking industry. In Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services (Vol. 61, p. 102558). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102558.
Mulazid, A. S., & Fatmawati, F. (2023). Finding Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Factors in Islamic Bank Digital Users. In Maliki Islamic Economics Journal (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 19). https://doi.org/10.18860/miec.v3i1.21240.
Munday, M., & Humbani, M. (2024). Determining the drivers of continued mobile food delivery app (MFDA) usage during a pandemic period. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Cogent OA. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2308086.
Myers, T. A., & Hassanzadeh, E. (2024). Interconnections between Islamic Finance and Sustainable Finance. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/interconnections-between-islamic-finance- and-sustainable-finance.
Myers, T. A., & Hassanzadeh, E. (2024). Interconnections between Islamic Finance and Sustainable Finance. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/interconnections-between-islamic-finance- and-sustainable-finance.
Oktaviana, U. K., & Wicaksono, A. T. S. (2022). CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: DOES IT MEDIATE CUSTOMER-CENTRIC ON ISLAMIC BANK VALUES? In El Dinar Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan Syariah (Vol. 10, Issue 2, p. 163). https://doi.org/10.18860/ed.v10i2.16225.
Organ, M. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) News. https://csr.org/Please provide me with the text you want me to extract the title from. I need the full text to identify the title. “WASET” alone is not enough information. (2024). https://publications.waset.org/16640/endnote.
Pan, H., & Ha, H. (2021). An Empirical Test of Brand Love and Brand Loyalty for Restaurants during the COVID-19 Era: A Moderated Moderation Approach. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 17, p. 9968). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179968.
Putera, M. B. Y., & Famiola, M. (2024). Attitudinal Loyalty Manifestation in Banking CSR: Cross- Buying Behavior and Customer Advocacy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11063.
Qin, F., Li, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Contextual Relevance of Sustainable Supply Chain: Recycling, Philanthropy, or Both? In Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering (Vol. 32, Issue 2, p. 222). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11518-023-5555-y.
Rahman, M. K., Hoque, M. N., Yusuf, S. N. S., Yusoff, M. N. H., & Begum, F. (2023). Do customers’ perceptions of Islamic banking services predict satisfaction and word of mouth? Evidence from Islamic banks in Bangladesh. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 18, Issue 1). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280108.
Radwan, E. K. A., Omar, N., & Hussainey, K. (2021). Social responsibility of Islamic banks in developing countries: empirical evidence from Egypt. In Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment (Vol. 13, Issue 3, p. 1334). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1949890.
Rahmayati, R., Mujiatun, S., & Sari, M. (2022). Islamic Green Banking At Bank Pembangunan Daerah In Indonesia. In Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) (Vol. 5, Issue 1, p.74). https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v5i1.1850.
Rahmi, R. (2023). The Effect of Demographic Factors and Social Class on Customers’ Decisions to Choose Islamic Banks. In Golden Ratio of Data in Summary (Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 29). https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v3i1.308.
Razali, N. H., Jaafar, N., & Ahmad, I. (2021). THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(CSR)ON ISLAMIC BANKING PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA. In Advanced International Journal of Banking Accounting and Finance (Vol. 3, Issue 8, p. 1). https://doi.org/10.35631/aijbaf.38001.
Rehman, Z. U., Zahid, M., Rahman, H. U., Asif, M., Alharthi, M., Irfan, M., & Głowacz, A. (2020). Do Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures Improve Financial Performance? A Perspective of the Islamic Banking Industry in Pakistan. In Sustainability (Vol. 12, Issue 8, p. 3302). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083302.
Ruíz, B., & García, J. A. (2021). Analyzing the relationship between CSR and reputation in the banking sector. In Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services (Vol. 61, p. 102552). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102552.
Salman, A., & Nawaz, H. (2018). Islamic financial system and conventional banking: A comparison. In Arab Economic and Business Journal (Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 155). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aebj.2018.09.003.
Sang, T. M., Hung, N. T., & Dinh, N. N. (2023). Enhancing CSR activities to increase bank attractiveness. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 10, Issue 2). Cogent OA. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2247623.
Sang, T. M., Hung, N. T., & Dinh, N. N. (2023). Enhancing CSR activities to increase bank attractiveness. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 10, Issue 2). Cogent OA. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2247623.
Sayedahmed, N. Y. M. (2022). CSR Shifting to HSR? A Critical Analysis of Future Trends. In Journal of Economics Finance and Management Studies (Vol. 5, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i1-08.
Siddiqi, K. O., Rahman, J., Tanchangya, T., Rahman, H., Esquivias, M. A., & Rahman, Md. H. (2024). Investigating the factors influencing customer loyalty and the mediating effect of customer satisfaction in online food delivery services: empirical evidence from an emerging market. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Cogent OA. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2431188.
Sinulingga, N., Handoko, Y., & Dura, J. (2024). Trust that Mediates the Effect of Website Quality and the Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) On the Purchase Intention. In Deleted Journal (Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 319). https://doi.org/10.22441/jurnal_mix.2024.v14i2.003.
Sumunar, K. I., Jannah, L., & Anita, A. (2022). The Impact of Religiosity on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Organizational Commitment. In Al-Iqtishad Journal of Islamic Economics (Vol. 14, Issue 1). Jakarta State Islamic University. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v14i1.13160.
Septianto, F., & Viverita, V. (2021). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Bank Efficiency in Developed Countries. In Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210616.036.
Srouji, A. F., Abed, S., & Hamdallah, M. E. (2019). Banks performance and customers’ satisfaction in relation to corporate social responsibility: mediating customer trust and spiritual leadership: what counts! In International Journal of Business Innovation and Research (Vol. 19, Issue 3, p. 358). Inderscience Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbir.2019.100327.
Taalbi, A., Mahadi, N. F., & Sharofiddin, Dr. A. (2023). The Customer’s Perception Towards Islamic and Conventional Banks in Algeria. In Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review (Vol. 17, Issue 1). Tazkia University College of Islamic Economics; Association of Islamic Economics Lecturers. https://doi.org/10.30993/tifbr.v17i1.311.
Tasnia, M., Alhabshi, S. M. S. J., & Rosman, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and Islamic and conventional banks performance: a systematic review and future research agenda [Review of Corporate social responsibility and Islamic and conventional banks performance: a systematic review and future research agenda]. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(4), 1711. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1922063.
Tasnia, M., Alhabshi, S. M. S. J., & Rosman, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and Islamic and conventional banks performance: a systematic review and future research agenda [Review of Corporate social responsibility and Islamic and conventional banks performance: a systematic review and future research agenda]. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 13(4), 1711. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1922063.
Teo, S. C., Liew, T. W., & Lim, H. Y. (2024). Factors influencing consumers’ continuance purchase intention of local food via online food delivery services: the moderating role of gender. In Cogent Business & Management (Vol. 11, Issue 1). Cogent OA. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2316919 The title of the work is: **Islamic bank**. (2024). https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Islamic%20bank.
Werthenbach, T., & Pouwelse, J. (2022). Survey on social reputation mechanisms: Someone told me I can trust you. In arXiv (Cornell University). Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.
Wang, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., & Na, S. (2022). A Study of Chinese Consumers’ Consistent Use of Mobile Food Ordering Apps. In Sustainability (Vol. 14, Issue 19, p. 12589). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912589.
Wardini, F. i. (2024). PENGARUH PERSEPSI HARGA, PROMOSI PENJUALAN, DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP MINAT BELI PRODUK JAMUR PADA UMKM KREASI BUNDA.Wheldon-Bayes, S. (2023). Islamic Finance Council UK. https://www.ukifc.com/.
Zhang, Z., Li, X., Cheng, Y., Chen, Z., & Liu, Q. (2025). Credit Risk Identification in Supply Chains Using Generative Adversarial Networks. In arXiv (Cornell University). Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.10348.
Zouari, G., & Abdelhedi, M. (2021). Customer satisfaction in the digital era: evidence from Islamic banking. In Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Vol. 10, Issue 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00151-x.