Interpretative Phenomenological Study of Meaning-Making in Conflict Reporting by Independent Journalists in Post-Truth Media

Abstract

Independent journalism has become a vital force in shaping public discourse, especially in social conflicts and amid declining trust in mainstream media. In this changing media landscape, independent journalists face emotional, ethical, and professional challenges that are still understudied, particularly in the post-truth era marked by misinformation and narrative manipulation. Although research exists on media structures and disinformation, little is known about how independent journalists experience and interpret reporting in these conditions. This study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the lived experiences of independent journalists covering social conflicts in Indonesia and how they construct meaning without institutional support. Through in-depth interviews with eight independent journalists, four key themes emerged: navigating fragmented truth, emotional toll, negotiating safety and autonomy, and building counter-narratives via digital media. These findings show how journalists balance personal risk and ethical responsibility while confronting contested truths and hostile information environments. The analysis highlights a strong link between emotional labor and journalistic identity, suggesting independent journalism acts as both resistance and self-expression. This research deepens understanding of journalism as an experiential and affective practice, offering valuable insights for future studies on press freedom, trauma, and digital storytelling.