The Basic Concepts of Historical Science: Foundations and Contemporary Applications
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Abstract
History is a branch of the social sciences that can be understood more profoundly if one follows the thought patterns of historians and comprehends the methodological principles underlying historical research. Unlike the medical profession, which requires a specific educational background, history is more inclusive and accessible. Anyone can become a historian as long as they can systematically, consistently, and responsibly apply historical methodologies. This study aims to analyze the basic concepts of historical science and their implications for history education, with a particular focus on the integration of historical methodologies into Social Studies (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial/IPS) curricula. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, the research explores how historians’ ways of thinking and methodological rigor can be applied in classroom contexts. Understanding history requires adopting multi-causal and multi-perspective approaches, in line with the complexity and scope of historical studies. For educators, particularly those with educational backgrounds, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of history’s position within the broader framework of social sciences and its integration into Social Studies curricula. The findings indicate that applying historical concepts systematically not only enhances the effectiveness of history teaching but also enables teachers to deliver materials proportionally, in alignment with students’ cognitive development at different educational levels.
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