The Optimization of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Concentration in the Activated Carbon Activation Process for Environmental Remediation

Abstract

Activated carbon from coconut shells is an effective adsorbent material for water treatment, textile waste purification, and environmental quality improvement. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) as an activating agent in the production of activated carbon. The process used involves heating the coconut shells at 500°C, soaking them in NaCl solutions (1 M, 3 M, and 5 M) for 24 hours, drying at 105°C, and then performing a final activation at 800°C. Characterization was conducted by measuring the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, and the adsorption capacity for methyl orange dye according to the SNI 06-3730-1995 standard. The results showed that the activated carbon treated with 5 M NaCl exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (19.233 mg/g) and met the SNI standard. These findings confirm that activated carbon from coconut shells can be a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent material for various industrial applications.