Understanding Social Connectedness in Digital Workspaces: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study Among Remote Workers
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid shift toward remote work has redefined how individuals experience social connectedness in digitally mediated professional environments. While previous research has examined communication tools and productivity outcomes, less is known about the lived emotional and relational experiences of remote workers. What remains unclear is how individuals interpret and make sense of social connection when physical co-presence is replaced by virtual interaction. In this study, we adopt a descriptive phenomenological approach, grounded in Husserlian principles, to explore the lived experiences of remote workers regarding social connectedness in digital workspaces. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured online interviews with ten purposively selected remote workers (5 males and 5 females, aged 28–45) across diverse professional sectors including IT, education, and digital marketing. Interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method to uncover essential themes. The findings reveal five central experiential themes: feeling present but invisible, disrupted rhythms of social bonding, emotional exhaustion from digital engagement, intentional acts of connection, and blurred personal-professional boundaries. These results highlight the emotional complexity and paradoxes of digital connection, revealing that technological presence does not always equate to social or emotional presence. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychological and interpersonal dimensions of remote work and suggest that digital environments should be designed to support relational authenticity and emotional resonance.
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Caldas, O. I., Aviles, O. F., & Rodriguez-Guerrero, C. (2020). Effects of presence and challenge variations on emotional engagement in immersive virtual environments. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 28(5), 1041–1050. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2020.2987458
Charalampous, M., Grant, C., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: A multidimensional approach. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886
Guidarini, C., & Hussaein, O. (2022). A systematic review of how remote work affects workplace stress and mental health. In Human–Automation Interaction (pp. 79–96). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10788-7_5
Holtz, D. (2021). The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers. MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper. https://ide.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/HOLTZ_RB_11-23-21.pdf
Jannink, M. (2023). Family relationships in the era of remote work: A scoping review. University of Twente Student Theses. https://essay.utwente.nl/105023/1/Jannink_MA_BMS.pdf
Mathew, A. M. (2025). Role of perceived organizational support and social connectedness in work engagement among remote employees. International Journal of Future Management Research, 3(1), 45–57. https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2025/3/45157.pdf
Naz, A., Kopper, R., McMahan, R. P., & Nadin, M. (2017). Emotional qualities of VR space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.06412. https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.06412
Rodeghero, P., Zimmermann, T., Houck, B., & Ford, D. (2020). Please turn your cameras on: Remote onboarding of software developers during a pandemic. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.08130. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.08130
Schalow, M. (2020). Social connectedness in a remote workforce. University of Wisconsin-Stout. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/81385/2020schalowm.pdf
Schubert, T., Friedmann, F., & Regenbrecht, H. (2001). Embodied presence in virtual environments. In Visual Representations and Interpretations (pp. 269–278). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0563-3_30
Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. John Wiley & Sons.
Sutcliffe, K., Vogus, T., & Dane, E. (2012). Mindfulness in organizations: A cross-level review. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 137–162. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091251
Voll, D., Ens, J., & Shawkat, A. (2025). Digital nomadism as a form of travel: A systematic review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2025.100775
Zhang, M. (2022). “Presence” and “empathy” — Design and implementation emotional interactive storytelling for virtual character. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Control and Computer Vision (pp. 120–126). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3561613.3561632
Zhao, Y., & Wang, L. (2021). Online social connections as surrogates of face-to-face interactions: A longitudinal study. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106713